BBS in a Box 15/BBS in a box XV-1.iso/Files/Educ/Language/Irish.sit/Irish/readings/4/4

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From: Michael Rhodes <[e-mail]>
Subject: Elem IG, Reading # 4
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Again there were no questions about Reading # 3, so I will post reading # 4
early.

Here is Reading # 4.  This is from a children's book, "An Diabhal agus an
Báille" by Mylene Cullen, published by An Gúm  1987.


                     An Diabhal agus an Báille

   Bhí báille gránna ann uair amháin.  Bhailíodh sé cíos ó dhaoine
bochta.  Nuair nach mbíodh an t-airgead acu chaitheadh sé amach ar thaobh
an bhóthair iad.  Bhí an ghráin ag na daoine air.

   Oíche amháin bhí an báille ag ól i dtábhairne.  Cé a casadh air
ach an diabhal!  Thosaigh siad ag ól le chéile agus ag caint.

   "Bíodh comórtas eadrainn!" arsa an diabhal.

   "Cén sórt comórtais?" arsa an báille.

   "Rachaimid amach ar maidin agus mála an duine againn.  Aon rud a
thabharfaidh daoine ó chroí dúinn, beidh cead againn é a chur sa mhála.
Feicfimid cé acu mála is troime tráthóna," arsa an diabhal.

   "Tá mé sásta," arsa an báille.

   An mhaidin ina dhiaidh sin chroith siad lámh lena chéile agus bhuail
siad bóthar.  Tar éis tamall bhí siad ag gabháil thar teach.  Chuala siad
an chaint seo ó bhean an tí :

       "Go mbeire an diabhal leis thú mar chailín leisciúil!  Nó an
       bhfuil sé i gceist agat éirí in aon chor inniu?"

   "An gcloiseann tú é sin, a dhiabhail?" arsa an báille.  "Sin cailín
breá duit agus beir leat í."

   "Mhuise, ní bhéarfaidh mé," arsa an diabhal, "mar ní óna croí a
dúirt an mháthair an chaint."

   Shiúil siad leo tamall eile den bhóthar go bhfaca siad fear ina shuí
ar gheata agus é ag deisiú bróige.  Bhí a bhean chéile istigh sa pháirc
agus í ag béicíl in ard a gutha leis na muca:

       "á,  go n-ardaí an diabhal leis sibh mar mhuca!" ar sise.  Ansin
       labhair sí go borb lena fear céile.  "Nach dtabharfá lámh chúnta
       dom, a phleidhce!"

   "An gcloiseann tú é sin?" arsa an báille.  "Sin muca breátha duit
anois agus tabhair leat iad."

   "Ní thabharfaidh mé," arsa an diabhal, "mar ní óna croí a dúirt
sí an chaint."

    Tháinig siad chomh fada le gort arbhair.  Bhí an t-arbhar go deas buí
aibí.  Bhí scata mór préachán  ag eitilt thart.  D'fhéach siad isteach
sa ghort.  Chonaic siad garsún ina shuí go sásta agus é ag imirt
mirlíní in ionad a bheith ag ruaigeadh na bpréachán.

    Direach ansin tháinig athair an gharsúin.  Bhí sé ar buile lena mhac.
"Go mbeire an diabhal leis thú, a ghiolla na leisce," arsa an t-athair de
bhéic.

   "An gcloiseann tú é sin?" arsa an báille.  "Sin garsún breá duit anois
agus beir leat é!"

   "Ní bhéarfaidh mé," arsa an diabhal, "mar ní óna chroí a dúirt an
t-athair é."

   Tamall ina dhiaidh sin chuala siad fear eile ag béicíl.  Feirmeoir a
bhí ann agus é ag tabhairt amach don fhear oibre a bhí ina luí ar a
sháimhín só ag ól pórtair.  "Níl aon obair déanta agat, a leisceoir
gan mhaith agus tá na coiníní ag ithe mo chuid cabáiste.  Go gcrocha
an diabhal leis thú go dtí a theach féin!"

    "Seo é do sheans fear breá láidir a fháil," arsa an báille.  Béir
leat é anois."

    "Ní bhéarfaidh mé," arsa an diabhal, "mar ní óna chroí amach a
dúirt an feirmeoir an chaint."

    Bhí an báille an-míshásta.  Bhí sé ar a chois ar feadh an lae agus
níor thairg  éinne oiread agus deoch uisce dó.  Ar an taobh eile den scéal
tairgeadh an-chuid don diabhal cé nár ghlac sé le haon ní.

    Faoi dheireadh nuair a bhí an ghrian ag dul faoi chonaic siad baintreach
ina suí ar thaobh an bhóthair agus leanbh ar a binn.

            "ó, seo chugainn an báille," arsa an leanbh.

            "Mhuise, go mbeire an diabhal leis thú mar bháille mar is tú
            an duine nach bhfuil aon fháilte roimhe," arsa an bhaintreach.

            "áiméan!" arsa an leanbh.

   "Há! Há!  Tá tú agam faoi dheireadh, a bháille," arsa an diabhal,
"mar is óna croí siúd a tháinig an chaint sin.  Isteach leat ansin," ar
seisean agus d'oscail sé béal a mh/ala.

   D'imigh an diabhal leis agus an mála mór trom thar a ghualainn aige.

   Níl a fhios agam an bhfaca éinne an diabhal sa cheantar sin le déanaí.
Ach is cinnte nach bhfaca duine ar bith a chompánach, an bháille, ó shin i
leith.


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Date: Sun, 21 Jun 92 17:52:00 GMT
From: Marion GUNN <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Elem IG, Reading # 4
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>Again there were no questions about Reading # 3, so I will post reading # 4
>early.
>...
>Michael Rhodes

Could be that people are still studying #1,#2, Michael! Questions will come
rolling in, if you wait for them. I'd suggest Dorothy and you keep posting
ELEM IG stuff at longer, rather than shorter, intervals, unless you get a
lot of feeback from learners who want to go at a faster rate.  That would
give our ELEM SG people a chance to catch up, perhaps encourage the start
of an ELEM MG group. Just a suggestion. BTW, I haver received a few files
for our e-library which need to be proof-read before I log them (a couple
of songs in IG). Anyone willing to do that? Bheinn go mór faoi chomaoin
ag an té a dheánfadh an obair sin! BTW, about the e-library: if there
are people with e-versions of lessons in Cymraeg, Brezhoneg or Kernowek,
which they are willing to share with other members of the net, I'd be
more than happy to add such material to our e-archives.
Marion Gunn


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Date: Sun, 21 Jun 92 12:42:43 -0600
From: Michael Rhodes <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Elem IG, Reading # 4
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I posted reading # 4 a couple of days early, but I still am holding to one
new reading a week.  Is this satisfactory?  I can slow down if, as Marion
suggests, some people are still studying the earlier ones.  Please give me
some feedback so I know what to do.

Marion, I would be happy to proof-read the IG songs, if no one more qualified
volunteers.  Let me know.

Also, I have a program similar to my Irish program that has Welsh lessons that
are taken from Bowen and Jones Teach Yourself Welsh.  If there is interest in
it, I will be happy to forward it for the GAELIC-L archives.

Sonas oraibh,

Mícheál    (INTERNET: [e-mail])


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Date: Sun, 21 Jun 92 13:01:45 -0500
From: "Steven C. Perkins" <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Elem IG, Reading # 4
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Please send out the Welsh materials.

Thanks,

Steven ap Denval            [e-mail]

>DATE:   Sun, 21 Jun 92 12:42:43 -0600
>FROM:   Michael Rhodes <[e-mail]>
>
>Also, I have a program similar to my Irish program that has Welsh lessons that
>are taken from Bowen and Jones Teach Yourself Welsh.  If there is interest in
>it, I will be happy to forward it for the GAELIC-L archives.
>
>Sonas oraibh,
>
>Mícheál    (INTERNET: [e-mail])



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From: Marion GUNN <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Elem IG, Reading # 4
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On Sun, 21 Jun 92 12:42:43 -0600 Michael Rhodes said:
>...
>Marion, I would be happy to proof-read the IG songs, if no one more qualified
>volunteers.  Let me know.
Nár laga Dia do lámh, a Mhichíl! The songs are part of Dan Wilson's
collection. Perhaps the two of you would get together on that? Tonight
I am wrestling a many-headed hydra -- a 15,000-word list -- as part of
the hyphenation project. That looks fair set to keep me busy for quite
some time, so I really appreciate your offer to help with the songs.
>
>Also, I have a program similar to my Irish program that has Welsh lessons that
>are taken from Bowen and Jones Teach Yourself Welsh.  If there is interest in
>it, I will be happy to forward it for the GAELIC-L archives.
Please do forward it, Michael. It will make a good match for the big Welsh
dictionary contributed by Andrew Hawke.
>
>Sonas oraibh,
>
>Mícheál    (INTERNET: [e-mail])
Go maire tú,
Muireann


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Date: Wed, 24 Jun 92 08:53:53 -0600
From: Michael Rhodes <[e-mail]>
Subject: Elem IG: Reading #4, Translation and Commentary
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Here is the translation of Reading #4 with grammatical commentary.

                    The Devil and the Bailiff

    There once (1) was an ugly bailiff.  He used to collect rent from poor
people.  Whenever they didn't have the money, he would throw them out on the
side of the road. (2)  The people loathed him. (3)

    One night the bailiff was drinking in a tavern. (4)  Who should he happen
to meet but the devil! (5)  They begain to drink with each other and to talk.

    "Let's have a competition between us!" (6) said the devil.

    "What sort of competition?" said the bailiff.

    "We'll go out in the morning with a man's bag. (7)  Whatever men give
us from the heart, we have leave (8) to put in the bag.  We'll see whose bag
is the heavier this evening," said the devil.

    "I agree," (9) said the bailiff.

    The next morning they shook hands with each other and took to the road.
After a while they were going past a house. (10)  They heard this conversation
from the housewife:

        "May the devil take such a lazy girl as you with him! (11)  Or are you
        thinking of getting up at all this morning?" (12)

     "Do you hear that, Devil?" (13) said the bailiff.  "That fine girl is
yours to take with you."

    "Well, I won't take her," (14) said the devil, "for it was not from her
heart that the mother said this." (literally "said the speech.") (15)

    They walked together a while longer on the road until (16) they saw a
man sitting (17) at a gate fixing a shoe. (18)  His wife was in the field
shouting with a loud voice at the pigs: (19)

        "Ah, the devil take such pigs as you with him!" (20) said she.
        Then she spoke harshly to her husband.  "Can't you give me a
        helping hand, you fool?"

    "Do you hear that?" said the bailiff.  "Those fine pigs are yours to take
with you."

    "I won't take them," said the devil, "because it was not from her heart
that she said this."

    They went as far as a field of wheat.  The wheat was nice, (21) yellow,
and ripe. (22)  A large crowd of crows was flying by.  They looked into the
field.  They saw a lad sitting contentedly playing marbles instead of chasing
away the crows. (23)

    Just then the lad's father came.  He was furious with his son.  "The
devil take you with him, you lazy fellow," said the father with a shout.

    "Do you hear that?" said the bailiff.  "That fine lad is yours to take
with you."

    "I won't take him," said the devil, "because it was not from his heart
that the father said it."

    A while after that they heard another man shouting.  A farmer was there
scolding (24) a workman who was lying happily and at ease (25) drinking
porter. (26)  "You haven't done any work, you no-good bum, and the rabbits
are eating my cabbage.  The devil carry you away with him to his own house!"

    "This is your chance to get a fine man," said the bailiff.  "Take him
away with you now."

    "I won't take him," said the devil, "because it was not from his heart
that the farmer said this."

    The bailiff was very displeased.  He had been (27) on his feet throughout
the day and no one (28) had offered him so much as a drink of water.  On the
other hand (29) the devil had been offered (30) quite a bit, and he had not
taken anything.

    At last when the sun was going down, they saw a widow sitting at the side
of the road with a child at her side.

        "Oh, here comes (31) the bailiff," said the child.

        "Well, may the devil take such a bailiff as you with him, since
        you're the one for whom there is no welcome," said the widow.

        "Amen!" said the child.

    "Ha! Ha!  At last I've got you, bailiff," said the devil, "because it's
definitely from her heart that this expression came.  In you go then," he
said and opened the mouth of his bag.

    The devil went away with the big heavy bag over his shoulder.

    I don't know if anyone has seen the devil in this district lately.  But
it's certain that no one has seen his companion, the bailiff, from that time
forth.
____________________________________________________________________________
Gramatical Notes and Commentary

(1) Uair amháin - literally "one time."

(2) Note the tendency in Irish to put a pronoun object near the end of the
sentence, as is the case here with "iad".

    Also, the past habitual is used twice in this sentence to indicate what
the bailiff usually or habitually did.

(3) Literally "Loathing was with them on him."

(4) Here is an example of the past progressive tense, bhí + subject + ag +
verbal noun.  The progressive tense indicates that the action is going on
over some time, whereas the past tense indicates simply that the action
occured.  Contrast "Cheannaigh sé beoir." - "He bought a beer." with "Bhí
sé ag ól i dtábhairne." - "He was drinking beer (for some extended time)
in a tavern."

(5) "Casadh" is the past autonomous form of "cas" - "to twist or turn".  In
the autonomous form it means to meet someone, "Casadh orm (/dom/liom) é."
"I met/happened to meet him."  The past autonomous form is also _not_
lenated, hence "casadh" _not_ "chasadh".

(6) "Bíodh" is the third person singular imperative of "tá", translated
literally as "let there be!"  "Eadrainn" is the first person plural
pronominal form of the preposition "idir" - "between".

(7) Literally, "and a man's bag with us."  "Agus" is commonly used in Irish
to indicate attendent circumstances, e.g. "Chonaic mé é agus mé ag teacht
amach." - "I saw him while I was going out."  A man's bag is one that is
big enough to hold a man.

(8) Literally, "Permission will be with us."

(9) Literally, "I am satisfied/content."

(10) Note that "gabh" has two general meanings in Irish, 1. "to take", and 2.
"to go."  It is the latter meaning that is used here.

(11) This is a good example of the main use of the present subjunctive in
Irish, to express a wish.  It is preceded by "go" (eclipsing) and "nár"
(lenating) for negative wish, e.g.

        Go dtaga do ríocht.  May thy kingdom come. (From the Lord's Prayer.)
        N/ar fhille sé go brách!  May he never return!

(12) Literally, "Is the question with you of getting up at all this morning?"

(13) Note that when "that" is used pronominally as in "I heard that (thing)",
it is rendered in Irish as "é sin", e.g. "Chuala mé é sin."

(14) "Tabhair" can mean both "to give" and to "take".  It is the latter
meaning that is used here.

(15) Note the use of the copula (here the negative ní) for emphasis.  A very
common use in Irish.  The standard pattern is copula + phrase + "a" (relative
pronoun) + sentence.  A few examples using the basic sentence "Chuaigh Seán
go Doire inné."  John went to Derry yesterday:

        Is é Seán a chuaigh go Doire inné.  It was _John_ who . . .
        An go Doire a chuaigh Seán inné?     Was it to _Derry_ that ...
        Is go Doire a chuaigh Seán inné.     It was _Derry_ that ...
        Nach inné a chuaigh Seán go Doire?   Wasn't it _yesterday_ that ...

(16) "Go" (eclipsing) can mean "until" as it does here.  Note also that it
takes the dependent form of those verbs that have one (as does "feic").

(17) Literally, "in his sitting".  Verbal nouns for sitting, standing, lying,
sleeping, waking, and dwelling, and the word "tost" (being silent) use the
preposition "i" with a possessive pronoun, e.g.

        Tá sé ina sheasamh.  He is standing.
        Táimid inár suí.  We are sitting.
        Táim i mo chodladh.  I am asleep.
        Táimid inár gcónaí i gCorrcaigh.  We live in Cork.

(18) The object of a verbal noun is in the genitive case, hence "bróige"
genitive singular of "bróga".

(19)  Here is another example of attendent circumstances being introduced by
"agus" as pointed out in (7) above.  The same construction is found again in
the next sentence, "agus í ag béicíl" - "shouting".

(20) Present subjunctive used for a wish again.

(21) "Tá" and "is" with adjectives is a little complicated in Irish.  "Tá"
is used only to describe a temporary or accidental condition or a position.
It may therefore be followed by a prepostion, or by adjectives meaning "hot,
cold, full, empty, hard, soft, ready, broken, closed, tired, sick, sore, sad,
alive, dead" and so on.  Adjectives used with "tá" include all those ending
in "-ach", and all past participles.

    The copula "is" is used when the predicate is a noun, or an adjective
expressing inherent quality, measure or color:   These adjectives
are further divided into adjectives of _quality_ and adjectives of _measure_
or _color_.   The former may be used with "tá" as adverbs (i.e. with "go"
in front of them, e.g. "tá sé go maith" "he is good"), but the latter may
not.

    Thus you can say "tá an lá go breá" or "is breá an lá é" for "it
is a fine day", "tá an cailín go deas" or "is deas an cailín" for "the
girl is pretty", and so for other adjectives of _quality_.  But "mór" "big",
"beag" "small", "fada" "long", "gearr" "short", "trom" "heavy", etc. and the
names of colors are better construed with the copula: "is fear é" "he is a
man", "is mór an teach é" "the house is big", "is trom an chloch í" "the
stone is heavy", "is bán an páipéir é" "the paper is white".

    However, when either of the prefixes "an-" or "ró-" precedes the
adjective, or a qualifying adverb follows, the classification of adjectives
is dissolved and all may occure with "tá": "Tá sé sin an-mhaith" "That is
very good", "Tá an claí ró-ard" "The fence is too high", "Níl sé fada
a dhóthain" "It is not long enough."

(22) Note that when several adjectives are used with a noun in Irish, that
"agus" is not used as "and" is in English.

(23) na bpréachán" is genitive plural because it is the object of a verbal
noun as explained in (18) above.

(24) "Tabhair amach", literally "to give out", can mean "to scold".

(25) "Bheith ar a sháimhín só" "to feel happy and at ease", literally
"to be on his tranquility (and) ease."

(26) "Pórtair" genitive singular of "pórtar" because it is the object of a
verbal noun as explained in (18) above.

(27) The Irish past tense can be translated not only by the English past
tense, but also by the present perfect or past perfect as context dictates.

(28) éinne = aon duine - someone, anyone

(29) "ar an taobh eile den scéal" literally, "on the other side of the
story."

(30) "Tairgeadh" is the past autonomous form of the verb.

(31) "Seo chugainn é" "Here he comes", literally, "It's towards us he is."



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The preposition "chuig" 'towards' ( > chugainn, towards us), mentioned in
Michael R's point 31, can be used in some idiomatic ways which are not
literally translatable into English (really satisfying!) This is especially
true when used to contrast with its opposite "ó" 'from'.

Two examples:

You know those doors which say "push" and "pull". I've seen these labelled
in Irish as "uait" and "chugat".

Second one: Next time you tell a "tall story", you can disclaim having
added anything to it by saying "Más bréag uaim é, ba bhréag chugam é."

Ciarán ó Duibhín.


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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 92 12:32:43 GMT
From: Marion GUNN <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: Elem IG: Reading #4, Translation and Commentary
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On Thu, 25 Jun 92 11:47:00 GMT <[e-mail]> said:
>The preposition "chuig" 'towards' ( > chugainn, towards us), mentioned in
>Michael R's point 31, can be used in some idiomatic ways which are not
>literally translatable into English (really satisfying!) This is especially
>true when used to contrast with its opposite "ó" 'from'.
>
>Two examples:
>
>You know those doors which say "push" and "pull". I've seen these labelled
>in Irish as "uait" and "chugat".
>
>Second one: Next time you tell a "tall story", you can disclaim having
>added anything to it by saying "Más bréag uaim é, ba bhréag chugam é."
>
>Ciarán ó Duibhín.

The preposition "chuig" is also used a lot in wishes, blessings, for example:
     "Grásta ó Dhia chugainn" ("God's grace to us")
     "Cabhair Dé chugainn" ("May God help us")
           a rather humorous variant of the first goes like this:
     "Báisteach ó Dhia chugainn, gan a bheith fliuch,
      agus cuid an lae amáirigh, go dtite sí anocht!"
     "May God send us rain, but let it not be wet,
      and let tomorrow's share fall tonight."
and in expressions such as this:
     "Deá-scéala chugainn" ("Good news to us") -- said when announcing
        or acknowledging receipt of some news one is very happy to hear.
Ciarán is perfectly correct: "uait" & "chugat" is the standard spelling
on doors which, in English, might be "push" and "pull". Down south there
are many who still say "bhuait", "chughat". I know, I know, I know --
dialectology again.:-)
Marion


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: Down south there are many who still say "bhuait", "chughat".

Chan amháin suas ó dheas, a Mhuireann! Bhí "bhó" srl. coitianta in
oirthear Uladh, áit a meascadh é go minic le "fá". Agus tá "chugham"
(agus "agham" agus "saghart") aitheanta mar shaintréith de Ghaedhilg
Theilionn i nDeisceart Thír Chonaill. Go maire na canamhaintí!
Ciarán.



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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 92 19:49:56 BST
From: Tom Thomson <[e-mail]>
Subject: RE: Elem IG: Reading #4, Translation and Commentary
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>Ciarán is correct: "uait" & "chugat" is the standard spelling
>on doors which, in English, might be "push" and "pull". Down south there
>are many who still say "bhuait", "chughat". I know, I know, I know --

In Scotland, bhuait is generally used if the previous word ends with a
vowel, uait otherwise; or rather, that's how it's generally pronounced,
it might be spelt either way in either case regardless of how the writer
would pronounce it. There are dialect differences (some dialects tend
to use bhuait more than others) but I think all dialects have both forms.

Chugad is often written (and pronounced) thugad (of course the d is unvoiced
in either case, corresponding to the Irish spelling with t). I don't think
anyone would write chughad, but they might well say it.

Tom